The latter part of the study programme consists mainly of clinical training, as shown here from the small animal clinic. Students participate actively in the examination and treatment of patients and assist during surgery. In their final year, students conduct minor surgery, such as castrations (as shown on the photo above), under supervision of a veterinary surgeon.

Students are trained in surgical hygiene, sterile clothing, sterile covering of patients and handling of surgical instruments. Students must also learn to master anaesthesia and pain treatment during surgery.

In accordance with the Animal Welfare Act, the castration of dogs is prohibited. However, castration is allowed for specific medical reasons, such as tumours, tissue and infections in the reproductive organs. In male dogs, castration includes the removal of the testicles; and in bitches, it usually implies removing both ovaries and the uterus.